North Melbourne’s First Fifty YearsFiona Gatt’s history of the inner city suburb of North Melbourne covers its first fifty years, from the 1850s through to 1900. The area has long been noted for its working class roots, and Gatt provides the data to show it was a refuge for the poor and unskilled. Notable was the strong presence of the Irish working class, often living precariously and on intermittent wages. Due to the hardships of the times, alcohol abuse was prevalent, a way of dulling life’s miseries. An extraordinary amount of pubs - seemingly one on every corner - littered the area.
It wasn’t all desperate living, however. North Melbourne had its captains of industry, creating businesses and factories, and many were successful, also putting themselves forward in civic life and contributing to the suburb’s politics. Gatt also shows that a large percentage of women were successful at business, running shops or industries from home. Of note was local feminist Brettena Smyth, who agitated for women’s right to vote and make their own reproductive choices.
North Melbourne evolved in a haphazard way during this period. There was no building code, so people simply knocked up whatever they felt fit - in a lot of cases tin sheds or shoddily put together wooden houses, not built to last. It wasn’t until the 1890s that building codes would be introduced. Street life could also be hazardous, especially with the rise of larikinism during economic hard times - swarms of bored male youths stirring up trouble. Sometimes it wasn’t safe to leave the house.
Old North Melbourne is a fascinating, meticulously researched history that chronicles North Melbourne’s economic, cultural and topographical roots. North Melbournites will be charmed to see recognisable street names pop up again and again.
A welcome addition to the historic literature on Melbourne.
Old North Melbourne, by Fiona Gatt. Published by Australian Scholarly Publishing. $44.
OCT 2025